双语阅读 | 让你的医学院申请文书脱颖而出的几条规则

chair to write, you face a daunting task — figuring out what to write about. If you’re stuck, you’re in good company. With so much freedom, this is a challenge for most students.

有一个小窍门：写就你确实打算写就的戏谑。如果那个戏谑对你来真是不关键性，那么你的观看者也不就会觉得它关键性。写就傍晚让你无法入眠的任何刚才。可能是摩托台车或咖啡。也可能是你儿时的书或毕达哥拉斯方程。也可能是你为什么相信学说，或者为什么你认为羽衣甘蓝肯定雇了一个经销商来真是服人们吃到它。

Here’s a tip: Choose a topic you really want to write about. If the subject doesn’t matter to you, it won’t matter to the reader. Write about whatever keeps you up at night. That might be cars, or coffee. It might be your favorite book or the Pythagorean theorem. It might be why you don’t believe in evolution or how you think kale must have hired a PR firm to get people to eat it.

个好戏谑应是繁杂的。在学校里，你很可能被借此写就那种确实态度的论文。在学术性当中，那是没法问题的，因为你必需论述自己为什么背书某种论点，但在有关一个人的短文当中，你必需隐含更微妙的打算法，探索自己的嫌隙情绪。一篇短文当单单西北侧冲突是好事。

A good topic will be complex. In school, you were probably encouraged to write papers that took a side. That’s fine in academic work when you’re being asked to argue in support of a position, but in a personal essay, you want to express more nuanced thinking and explore your own clashing emotions. In an essay, conflict is good.

例如，“我爱我的阿姨。她是我极好的朋友。我们经常借彼此的鞋穿，两兄弟看三个小城镇初版的《银行职员》(The Real Housewives)”——这不就会是一篇好短文。“我爱我的阿姨，尽管她逼迫我看护浴室，胆小我的天竺鼠，爱好羽衣甘蓝这种恶心的食物”—— 这樣，才可以引单单有意为的细节。

For example, “I love my mom. She’s my best friend. We share clothes and watch ‘The Real Housewives’ of three different cities together” does not make for a good essay. “I love my mom even though she makes me clean my room, hates my guinea pig and is crazy about disgusting food like kale” could lead somewhere

青少年有时候无法单单色地显单单比一般人富有是干什么。多数人連试也不试，畢竟生灵有人嫌富，或者对此没法有概念，寫這樣的主題會担心被贴上特权人士的标记。住在新泽西州大颈镇的尤拉娜·赵 (Yorana Wu) 刚刚进入芝加哥私立大学。她在核发陈述当中写就道，哥哥每年有大把间隔时间在当中国度过，因为他在她 8 岁那年在那里开了一家水果罐头厂。

It is rare that any teenagers write well about what it is like to have more money than average. Most don’t even try, for fear of being marked as privileged in a world where some people resent those who have it or are clueless about it. Yorana Wu, who lives in Great Neck, N.Y., and will attend the University of Chicago, wrote about her father, who spends much of the year in China, where he opened a canned fruit factory when Ms. Wu was 8 years old.

“餐桌上的一张客厅一直空着，台车后里的一辆台车也没法主动过，那是第一年显现单单这种情况，”她写就道。“每一美元都以他的遥不可及为付单单。”

“That was the first year a seat at the dinner table remained empty and a car in the garage sat untouched,” she wrote. “Every dollar comes at the expense of his physical distance.”

尽管可以上网球和音乐课（并且对支撑了这些课程的财富表现单单繁杂的感觉），但哥哥不在身边的时候，尤拉娜·赵往往必需和他通五分钟的拨打。

While she has her tennis and music lessons (and expresses mixed feelings about the affluence that allows for them), she speaks to him in five-minute phone segments when he is away.

“他通过在别的；也实习来借助于美国梦，这个选取是有付单单的。”

“He is living the American dream by working elsewhere, there is a cost to this choice.”

虽然有关一个人的短文需一包涵，但观看者还是能从你选取关心的任何戏谑当中，以及你描述它的模式上获得对你的以下几点认识到。我在杜克私立大学 (Duke University) 高考西北侧实习时，儿时的一个省略是：“我和我的台车很像。” 然后著者描述了一辆闻起来像淋湿的狗的摩托台车，它的0到60姆加速间隔时间是 —— 呃，它从来飞驰不到60姆。

While the personal essay has to be personal, a reader can learn a lot about you from whatever you choose to focus on and how you describe it. One of my favorites from when I worked in admissions at Duke University started out, “My car and I are a lot alike.” The writer then described a car that smelled like wet dog and went from 0 to 60 in, well, it never quite got to 60.

另一名男生写就到他和阿姨两兄弟继续做美式泡菜的一个人经历。他们就会走进台车后社交——到底是社交哦：“有一次，阿姨送去浓重的韩国发音对我真是，‘我努力你每次继续做爱用一套房子（condo，为condomn [避孕套] 之误。——编著）。’我一下子哭喷出了，真是，‘大妈，那可能很贵呢！’” 另一名女生写就了她的自然主义阿姨要去乳胶的暂时。

Another guy wrote about making kimchi with his mom. They would go into the garage and talk, really talk: “Once my mom said to me in a thick Korean accent,‘Every time you have sex, I want you to make sure and use a condo.’I instantly burst into laughter and said, ‘Mom, that could get kind of expensive!’u2009” A girl wrote about her feminist mother’s decision to get breast implants.

摩托台车，泡菜，阿姨乳胶——著者们用这些戏谑作为多肽，隐含他们的主旨，由此争辩确实的主题：我是一个什么样的人。

A car, kimchi, Mom’s upsizing — the writers used these objects as vehicles to get at what they had come to say. They allowed the writer to explore the real subject: This is who I am.

不该正因如此你的建树。无论如何，回打算你绝望挣扎甚至败北的时刻。败北是散文的玉石戏谑。真是清楚你从当教会学校到了什么。写就写就那些。公正地真是单单最难真是单单口的话。记住，那些疲倦的高考西北侧实习医务人员冬天围厢在圆桌旁。把他们从酸中毒昏迷当中叫醒，给他们一点令人兴奋的刚才。

Don’t brag about your achievements. Instead, look at times you’ve struggled or, even better, failed. Failure is essayistic gold. Figure out what you’ve learned. Write about that. Be honest and say the hardest things you can. And remember those exhausted admissions officers sitting around a table in the winter. Jolt them out of their sugar coma and give them something to be excited about.

10 Things Students Should Avoid

学校应可避免写就的十件事

以此类推提示语 高考西北侧的实习医务人员其实核发表上有哪些细节。所以，不该这样省略，“我的一次败北一个人经历是，我打算打我弟弟，结果碰见他的块头比我还大。”你可以开门见山地真是：“我挥起胳膊，打算打他居然，却猛然碰见：弟弟仍然父母亲了。块头比我还大。”

REPEATING THE PROMPT Admissions officers know what’s on their applications. Don’t begin, “A time that I failed was when I tried to beat up my little brother and I realized he was bigger than me.” You can start right in: “As I pulled my arm back to throw a punch, it struck me: My brother had gotten big. Bigger than me.”

别引述用法典 除非在用到 “prink”（打扮）、“demotic”（口语）、“couloir”（大山）之类的用法，否则你大可以假设观看者其实你写就的用法是什么意为。极好不该这样开始你的短文：“根据韦氏用法典的定义……”

LEAVE WEBSTER’S OUT OF IT Unless you’re using a word like “prink” (primp) or “demotic” (popular) or “couloir” (deep gorge), you can assume your reader knows the definition of the words you’ve written. You’re better off not starting your essay with “According to Webster’s Dictionary . . . .”

概要 很多短文都就会在省略引述别人的话。当短文篇幅有限的时候，你肯定不就会打算让其他什么人的话占据宝库的初新闻报道。

THE EPIGRAPH Many essays start with a quote from another writer. When you have a limited amount of space, you don’t want to give precious real estate to someone else’s words.

你就在那里！ 描述过去的事时，今天时的字词是不容许有思考活动的。你能继续做的只是滑稽。再行牵涉到了什么，后牵涉到了什么，又牵涉到了什么。一些经验很少的写就著者就会认为，今天词缀就会让观看者不已兴奋。如果似乎有多少扣人心弦的小真是是用过去词缀写就就的，你就就会无论如何这是一种谬见。

YOU ARE THERE! When writing about past events, the present tense doesn’t allow for reflection. All you can do is tell the story. This happens, then this happens, then this happens. Some beginning writers think the present tense makes for more exciting reading. You’ll see this is a fallacy if you pay attention to how many suspenseful novels are written in past tense.

音响 Ouch（哎呦）！Thwack（咔嚓）！Whooooosh（呼呼）！Pow（啪)）！打算起漫画书了？诚然，少量用到拟声用法可以让好短文正因如此。Clunk（哐当）就不错。或者 fizz（嘶嘶）。然而一旦加进了感叹号，日后一脚踏进了浑水里。别让你的短文在听见巨响当中省略！

SOUND EFFECTS Ouch! Thwack! Whiz! Whooooosh! Pow! Are you thinking of comic books? Certainly, good writing can benefit from a little onomatopoeia. Clunk is a good one. Or fizz. But once you start adding exclamation points, you’re wading into troubled waters. Do not start your essay with a bang!

活用身体的必不可少 让观看者俩人哭单单声来的一个方法是，多多提及身体的必不可少。当写就下 “His hands threw up”（意为他摊开手臂，但threw up也有恶心的意为——编著）这个字词时，观看者眼前确实就会浮现手臂恶心的画面。“My eyes fell to the floor。”（意为我的视线落在天花板上，字面意为是我的鼻子趺到天花板上。——编著）有点恶心哦。

ACTIVE BODY PARTS One way to make your reader giggle is to give body parts their own agency. When you write a line like “His hands threw up,” the reader might get a visual image of hands barfing. “My eyes fell to the floor.” Ick.

彥语就会遮蔽你的思打算 这里就有一句：天王星底下没法有新鲜事。我们总是另加别人的措辞或论点。乔治·乔治·奥威尔 (George Orwell) 的劝告則是：可避免用到那些你常在印刷物上碰见的；还有、明喻或其他隐喻技巧。

CLICHÉS THINK YOUR THOUGHTS FOR YOU Here’s one: There is nothing new under the sun. We steal phrases and ideas all the time. George Orwell’s advice: “Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.”

TO BE 还是 NOT TO BE 远离 “to be” 类动用法。把 “The essay was written by a student; it was amazing and delightful”（这篇短文单单自一个学校之手；读来令人惊艳而又慰藉）当中的 “was” 换掉，替换成：“The student’s essay amazed and delighted me。”（这个学校的短文让我不已惊艳又慰藉）这样一来，我们不仅把静态的描述替换成了越来越动人的描述，还让字词的正文依然少了一半。

TO BE OR NOT TO BE Get rid of “to be” verbs. Replace “was” in “The essay was written by a student; it was amazing and delightful” and you’ll get: “The student’s essay amazed and delighted me.” We’ve moved from a static description to a sprightlier one and cut the word count almost in half.

固定混搭 有些用法组——free gift（免费赠品）、personal beliefs（一个人信仰者）、final outcome（最终结果）,very unique（非常契合）——总是两兄弟显现单单，没法有必要性取下唄，它們校验無力。

WORD PACKAGES Some phrases — free gift, personal beliefs, final outcome, very unique — come in a package we don’t bother to unpack. They’re redundant.

忽略规章 课堂上，你确实需遵循一大堆规章，班上真是只有这样才能发扬光大良好的语法基础：别用到缩写就。别用到不比较简单的字词。需可避免分离单单来词组。以介用法结尾的英语字词是班上们弄得的。还有，别把 “and”、“but”、“because” 之类的连用法放在字词省略...... 请拿起一本读书人。你就会看着极好的著者毕竟不理就会这些吹毛求疵的陈腐规章。

RULES TO IGNORE In English class, you may have to follow a list of rules your teacher says are necessary for good grammar: Don’t use contractions. No sentence fragments. It’s imperative to always avoid split infinitives. Ending on a preposition is the sort of English up with which teachers will not put. And don’t begin a sentence with a conjunction like “and” or “but” or “because.” Pick up a good book. You’ll see that the best authors ignore these fussy, fusty rules.

打算要从数以百计名核发者当中备受瞩目并不非常容易。经济上的困难和建树、欲望和需求，都是极佳的写就作创著者，而对这些创著者顺利完成深入的思考是凸显自己与众不同的一种颇具个性化的好模式。

Yes it is hard to stand out from the thousands of other applicants. Financial hardship and triumph, and wants and needs, are the stuff of great literature. Reflecting on them is one excellent way to differentiate yourself in a deeply personal way.

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